When Peter Thiel took his Antichrist lecture series from San Francisco to Rome last week, he probably expected to ruffle a few Vatican feathers. What he may not have anticipated was the pope's AI adviser asking (in an essay title, at least) whether he should be burned at the stake.
We've covered Thiel's Antichrist thesis before, but here's the short version: Thiel believes the Antichrist won't be a charismatic villain in a cape, but rather a political force that exploits apocalyptic fears – climate doom, nuclear war, runaway AI – to justify global governance and a surveillance state.
In his view, the real threat isn't technology itself, but those who would use fear of it to seize control. The usual suspects in his framework include climate activists, AI safety researchers, and, notably, the current Pope.
That last part may explain why bringing the tour to Rome did not go over so well.
"American Heresy: Should Peter Thiel Be Burned at the Stake?"
That's not a tabloid headline. It's the actual title of a formal essay by Father Paolo Benanti, a Franciscan friar who serves as the pope's official adviser on artificial intelligence. Published in a French newspaper, his perspective is a theological takedown that pulls no punches.
Benanti characterized Thiel as a "political theologian" within Silicon Valley, arguing that his vision represents something more dangerous than simple contrarianism. The essay's central charge is striking: Thiel's actions "can be read as a prolonged act of heresy against the liberal consensus: a challenge to the very foundations of civil coexistence, which he now considers outdated."
The Church Piles On
Benanti has not been alone in criticizing Thiel. L'Avvenire, the newspaper of the Italian bishops' conference, published a series of articles warning that tech leaders should not be permitted to define their own ethical limits, and that governments must defend democratic oversight against the spread of disinformation. Two prominent Catholic academic institutions also publicly distanced themselves from the lectures.
The backlash reflects a broader tension: Pope Leo XIV has made confronting AI and its potential dangers a priority (even appointing an AI adviser!) and emphasizes the moral duty of governments to legislate the technology.
For Thiel, that kind of oversight is precisely the behavior he associates with creeping, Antichrist-flavored globalism.
What About Palantir?
The Antichrist that Thiel warns about is a force that uses surveillance and centralized control to dominate humanity. Which raises an uncomfortable question, critics point out: what exactly is Palantir?
Thiel co-founded the AI software company, which has extensive ties to the U.S. defense and intelligence communities and whose tools have powered mass data collection across multiple government agencies. Thiel’s skepts argue you can’t spend your time building the infrastructure of digital control and then warn everyone that digital control is the work of the Antichrist.
Benanti's essay makes a version of this same point in theological language: the values Thiel claims to defend have been so warped that his track record looks less like a warning against tyranny and more like a blueprint for it… just a privatized, tech-billionaire-friendly version.
What Does AI Mean for the Future?
Beneath the provocative headlines, there's a real argument happening about what the Antichrist looks like and what the future will bring.
Will technology serve humanity, or precipitate its downfall? And is AI a harbinger of the Antichrist – or are those fears overblown?
56 comments
-
This subject is so over embellished, over exaggerated and most of all, over anticipated. There are divisions and secret orders within the church dedicated to making sure Armageddon never happens, that the Antichrist is killed before he is born. The US has mimicked this and it is now being exploited by Donald Trump as he shamefully and insultingly mocks every aspect of the US and all its efforts and endeavors. Why? Because that is what the one who issues him commands says to. Why does Putin want to do this to the US? Because that is what HIS conditioning and training demands of him. Who made him that way? The ones who want to see the US fall because they are an obstacle in others desire for world domination because the US was the leader of NATO forces and has been since it formed and still is because they refuse to let go of the power the government holds over the world. Right now it is the only thing keeping Trump alive and in power. Every action the US tries to take against him is vetoed and overridden by his power over NATO command. I thought he gave up his ties to the UN charter and withdrew? No, he didn't. He withdrew the US from NATO not his control of NATO command. However, the US doesn't have to worry really. Notice how they claim to strike against the Anti Zionist group within the US, meaning the people don't need to worry just the government.
-
I fear the end will come soon too. I could cite so many factual reasons but clearly not here so I will only give three here (1). First there were slaves but then slaves were freed. Then the rich exploited people by giving them the bare necessities they would need to survive, no way out of the system, but not call them slaves (yes, a few improvements so the slaves would not revolt again), now there is AI. What do you think will happen to the excess people? (2). There are three major governmental powers, all run by greedy dictators who are not that reluctant to use nuclear warfare etc - China, Russia, the U.S. Aggression may have been necessary for primitive people to survive. Although this is no longer necessary, it does not seem that people will take the next evolutionary step (towards morality and compassion) in time for the populations on Earth to survive. However, even in this discussion lies a fundamental problem. Many would like to see the end come. They think a happier end will come, that they will be saved, that they need do nothing. Let God take care of it. You will be so wrong. Instead of focusing on the end of times, focus on changing the world for the better.
-
Yes, and his name is Donald J. Trump.
I mean seriously think about it. He lies and people automatically believe him many times over. Even when it's PROVEN he lies, there are large swaths that still worship him as their savior. He has harmed many children, S.A.ing them, and instead of calling out enraged, those same people go "Well the kids were in their teens so it's not so bad". Seriously??
He calls for people to HATE, to commit violence, to KILL, and they do so, gladly, in his name. They worship him and claim he is "god's chosen" and that he was "sent from heaven".
And yet is causing global issues, starting wars, tearing a nation apart in the name of greed and prejudice.
Now that is a true description of an antichrist if I ever heard one.
-
Theil may be very correct. We always must consoder that the christian book of myth and fable was written in "olde" languguage, translated by under educated/limited scholars working with stories based on hear-say and colored by views of the era. i think we all need to heed Theil's message(s). i personally belief that the orange elected idiot is connected to several arbitraiters of evil. What we need to do as scholars of faith and counsels of spirituality is to focus on individually addressing the right wing sheep and help them see that they are following things blindly that will eat them in the end.
-
Agreed. I'm not sure who the Antichrist might be, but there are many whose actions are quite anti-Christ in the orange buffoon's orbit.
-
That is the way I see it as well.
-
-
Are we NOT slowly headin' for Armageddon? Everyone has opinions. The "end of days" has been [wrongly] expected SO many times. Since it is, OBVIOUSLY, in God's hands, I will "leave unto Caesar", do everything I can to follow Jesus example, and leave it in His hands. I hope for the best. I'll try to prepare for the worst and trust in the Lord. There is, after all, very little than any of us can do.
-
There are two important details that all US citizens should focus on. Peter owns Palantir and that company owns you. They have your IRS records, Social Security records and more. They are working to get your voting information to know your party, voting history, etc. The second detail is that the VP is Play Dough and Peter is his mentor, driving every action that the VP takes. So if you are okay with Peter, you are okay with JD. If you are not okay with Peter, understand that he has almost total control of your life via JD. As long as you understand that you are living in reality. If you don't understand that, you have lost all agency and autonomy.
-
People are getting caught up in headlines, personalities, and emotional reactions again.
Right now you’ve got controversy around Peter Thiel, lectures about the Antichrist, and even extreme language being thrown around by religious voices in response.
But before anyone picks a side, there’s a basic question that almost nobody is asking: What did Christ actually say about all of this?
Christ never told people to hunt down enemies. He never told people to panic about the Antichrist. He never told people to turn fear into action against others.
He said something very specific, and it cuts through all of this: “If they say, ‘Look, here he is,’ do not go.” “The kingdom of God is within you.” “You will know them by their fruits.”
That’s not vague. That’s instruction. Christ warned about deception, not just from obvious evil, but from people who use fear, authority, or religious language to control others.
Look at what’s happening: One side is using apocalyptic language to push ideas about control and power The other side responds with anger, condemnation, and even talk of punishment
Both sides are missing the point. Christ didn’t teach fear-driven theology. He didn’t teach reactionary judgment. He didn’t teach people to turn belief into a weapon.
He taught clarity, restraint, and truth. The real warning about the Antichrist was never about identifying a person and attacking them. It was about recognizing systems, ideas, and movements that replace truth with manipulation.
So instead of getting pulled into the noise, the question is simple: Are people speaking truth… or are they using Christ’s name to push their own agenda?
Because those are not the same thing. And Christ made that very clear.
-
Father Paolo Benanti speaks of a "liberal consensus." In today's polarized world, there is no such thing as a consensus. Moreover, the church has never put together a clear picture of the antichrist. Details of its mission, actions and expectations are vague or non-existant. So it isn't a surprise to learn that various individuals or institutions have over time put together their own thoughts and definitions of the antichrist, some of which can be a bit strange.
-
Najah Tamargo-USA
I think Rev Ned is right!!!!
-
The Catholic Church with their control doctrines created the Dark Ages! They have been against science and learning for a thousand years! If they keep people stupid they can control with fear! They hid their own hideous deeds for years! Have the stupid people bring more gold for Rome! Now that light is showing the way they again are trying to stop it! Theil is right!
-
Is THE ANTI-CHRIST among us? How about SATAN INCARNATE in The White House RIGHT NOW!?!?!? Satan was REPRIEVED by Allah some 6000 years ago to TAKE OVER if he could. An Adjudicated Rapist, Pussy Grabber, Pedophile, Mass Murderer (in Iran Gaza Africa The Eastern Pacific Ocean Syria Yemen Lebenon and Minneapolis Minnesota) Serial Liar, and Foul Mouthed Slanderer as Commander In Chief of The Richest Most Militarily Powerful Nation on Earth wherein "All Men are Created Equal" PROVES that Satan has just about achieved what he was REPRIEVED BY ALLAH 6000 years ago to do. But all is well by The Heavenly Grace of God: "All born will taste death." (Quran 29:57) not just Gazans killed by U.S.A. Made bombs dropped by Little Satan Israel. And "...the elements will disintegrate in Flames..." (2nd Peter 3:10) not just Uranium-235 atoms. And "I will fill Hell with jinn and humans altogether - a multitude from every community." (Quran 38:85) Trump and Company gotta EARN their Hole In Hell before Allah will consent to send them there. Amen?
-
We tend to politicize our responses to fit our own narrative. We should be careful not to do this as it is irresponsible and causes further damage. Vilifying and dehumanizing people that differ with us politically is both useless and dangerous. When we study the bible in context we must understand that the antichrist described in Revelations refers to Nero the Caesar and Rome. The lessons remain valid but trying to apply our bible literally causes us to try and force it into a modern context and we find ourselves casting about to find someone to fit preconceived rolls. Tread carefully and with God.
-
Will the new technology change the course of lives, or reveal the rampant hypocrisy that's existed for years.
-
The Antichrist is people like Soros, Obama, and others that promote socialism.
-
Interesting. Jesus wasn't exactly a capitalist.
-
Jesus said you should work for what you need and do not steal like we see going on in a lot of our larger city's in the from of fraud. These programs are to to help people you truly need help not to support the lazy or those you have come here illegally and have done nothing for the USA.
-
-
Please explain how socialism is evil and Obama is the antichrist - can't wait for your answer - or do you just listen to fox
-
Peter Theil is a man that has sex with other men. An abomination per the Bible. Former President Obama is a registered democrat and a genuinely good and decent man.
Unfortunately, most people are followers and sound like the last person they had a conversation with or listened to on Fox news.
-
Really? Obama a good man. Spoken like a true democrat. If he was such good then tell me how his chef, who was a good swimmer, drowned in his pool in 4ft of water? You and many in here, call yourselves pastor, reverend, etc., and yet you choose to find the devil in the political party opposite of yours. I don't hear you accusing the new muslim mayer of NYC of being the devil. He's turned that city into a **** hole. So maybe the DEVIL as you call him, maybe he's got you fooled into believing the good man in office, is not a good man. Maybe the DEVIL has your mind warped. Ever think of that?
-
"his chef, who was a good swimmer, drowned in his pool in 4ft of water"
This is false. He died paddle boarding on a lake and his body was found approximately 100 feet from shore and in eight-foot deep water. There were witnesses who watched him go under the surface and then not resurface.
Please provide evidence of NYC being turned into a s... hole in the 2-3 months since Mamdani took office. From the friends and family I have in NYC, it sounds like it's just fine at the moment. From what I've read, crime is actually on the decline right now.
https://www.irishstar.com/news/politics/crime-dips-record-lows-first-36817433
-
-
-
What do you call people that promote authoritarianism?
-
-
Oh, how could I forget Trump‘s concentration camps! Separating children from their families – Amnesty International calls family separation torture on children! So did the last surviving judge of the Nuremberg Trials! Only an antichrist tortures children. Alligator Alcatraz? Only Satan builds an Alligator Alcatraz and then profits from it! How about Trump’s ICE goons— masked state-sponsored terrorists, kidnapping and murdering people along the lines of Argentina’s Dirty War that the US funded! Christ liberates and doesn’t imprison. Christ teaches and feeds children Christ is merciful. Really people may want to start reading the Bible to see what Christ is and what Trump is too! Because Christ demands that we call out the wolves in sheep’s clothing and to defy Caesar. Oh, and we’ve got Caesar now on a gold coin with Trump‘s face on it but his fists looking like a walking gorilla lol!
-
How about ICE bieng able to do their job without lunatics interfering? With all due respect, the deaths in Minnesota would not have happened had the protesters been peacefully protesting. Please cite with facts examples of ICE agents running protestors down on the sidewalks. Furthermore, if you have living quarters, please welcome the crossers into you home with you covering their expenses.
-
Oh, you of such a little faith. Have you not read the Bible? I suggest you read Matthew 14:13-21—about Christ, the loaves and the fishes—and your fear and lack will vanish. Jesus certainly would take in every immigrant. He himself was a refugee! You’re probably one of those who slammed the door in his Mary and Joseph’s face crying, “No room at the Inn!”
As for the remainder of your commentI think you got the wrong channel, are you looking for Fox News lol?
-
And more about that gold coin Trump’s mug is on – golden calf worship anyone? lol. Trump’s got a TACO trade for you and a golden Bible to sell ya! And you know he doesn’t know how to end the Iran war he started because this man child never spent a day of his life in the military, only a lot of time drawing birthday cards for Jeffrey Epstein!
-
-
They were peacefully protesting, despite the lies conservative media likes to spew. The woman Alex Pretti was trying to protect before he was executed was not being at all violent to ICE officials but, because they didn't like where she was standing, they shoved her to the ground and began assaulting her, prompting Pretti to step in.
"Please welcome the crossers into you home with you covering their expenses."
Why would I cover their expenses when the people crossing are coming to work and provide needed labor in many different industries? They're self-sufficient in most cases. That said, I have no problems with my tax dollars being put to use to help people seeking a better life by coming to this country. We should be spending more of our tax dollars to help every resident of this country, regardless of their immigration status.
-
-
-
This is what happens when you have too much time on your hands, and too much money but you haven't a clue as to what do with your time and money.
-
Oh, I forgot to mention that Trump’s TACO trade is epic mission fail! He had to back off with his threats to obliterate Iran’s energy infrastructure, cause that would be a war crime— the pre-meditation to mass murder civilians. Forget the religion and Antichrist superstition and just look at basic human sociopathic behavior.
-
Hide in plain sight is what the Nazis did and Thiel is covering his tracks with this bluster. This says it all: Thiel’s skepts argue you can’t spend your time building the infrastructure of digital control and then warn everyone that digital control is the work of the Antichrist. Hello!
Thiel’s also a cofounder of PayPal so it’s a good time to boycott PayPal not just for this anti Christ malarkey bit it’s high fees. Why I use Wise instead.
If you wanna see an antichrist, just look at people‘s actions— like Trump, starting wars, murdering children and fishermen, sending soldiers to their slaughter and destroying the global economy. You gotta be dumb, deaf and blind and that gullible, ignorant or terrified not to understand this basic realization.
-
These things have been happening for thousands of years at this point. At some times, worse than now.
-
-
The Antichrist is here. Stupid Americans elected him POTUS.
-
I am more convinced by the day, that he is indeed the antichrist that was warned of. The "false prophets" in those warnings certainly seem to reside within the Christian Nationalist and Christian Zionist sects of Evangelicals. They have raised him up and enabled him to commit atrocities that do not align with the teachings of Christ let alone the principles and ideals our nation claimed to aspire to, all in their attempts to bring about Biblical prophecy as they have chosen to interpret and proslethize on it. Thiel, himself is a lost soul who has chosen to be an instrument of evil.
-
-
Has anyone actually read the article? Thanks to Google Translate, I did. The word "burn" only appears in the title, and "death" occurs only when he equates the "capitalist rhetoric" to a "death trap." This headline amounts to clickbait. Nowhere in the article does Benanti advocate for "burning Theil at the stake." The closest he comes is equating him to a Pagan near the end of the article, rather than a Christian who is projecting a Christian Apocolypse. Benanti is very critical of AI, and I have to say as a former IT developer and designer, AI is only as "intellegent" as the ones who programmed it and fed it data. ALL data is biased, as nothing has the capability (at least not yet) to view things from all angles, so AI can provide information as biased as the developer want it to be. For instance, development of an AI model that can tell doctors which pharmaseuticals to prescribe by feeding data that favors one pharmasutical company over any other, and this is only the tip of the iceburg on the dangers of AI.
For example, I can generate data that will provide AI with recruiters with all the "anti-DEI" bias that a company wants, including weeding out names that sound foreign or looking for particular misspellings (like the UK English spellings that use an "s" instead of a "z"). I can generate a survey that is so full of "loaded questions" that would make people respond in ways that do not completely resemble how they feel about certain political issues, and thus make the world think that 90 percent of the world has a conservative lens (which is far from the truth, and I have taken surveys that have done this, which I generally opt out of before I complete them, but only because I recognize what is happening._
-
Well said!
-
-
AI has many potential problems, and someone like theil can easily manipulate the system to the benefit of the government. The general populace is lazy when it comes to thinking for themselves…they’d rather be spoonfed information pablum instead of researching the topics of the day. I have no time for right wing nonsense, and theil is a master manipulator. He needs to find some rock to crawl under and leave decent people alone!
-
Rev. Paula,
I agree. When I was in high school, Civics was a required course, and the one one thing I explicitly remember from the class was that "democracy requires an educated population, or it won't work." Critical thinking is being taken over by AI which can be programmed in a way that creates a batch of lemmings. Critical thinking is considered "woke," because it doesn't fall in line with the rest who are jumping off the cliff. I'll stick to the high ground, thank you very much. AI is useful when it is used in conjunction with critical thinking and independent methods are also used, as I have done frequently in certain studies. The collective hive mind can do a lot to destroy the value of AI, however, and it can be programmed in evil ways.
-
Critical Thinking is being trashed by christian nationalist nazis aka school boards.
-
-
-
AI can be anything to anyone. It is.
It tailors itself to match the personality of its human. It is literally the false idol that can talk and can do things for you. This is in defiance of what Paul said of idols, which is right up Satan's alley. Mr Thiel is in a long growing line of people prophesying who or what the antichrist is or will be. If AI begins lording over Man about 3 billion people will say "I told you so".
The Vatican and Islam are both great candidates for the final false religion. The Pope's throne room is a literal satanic scene. Catholicism does produce good Christians though, that's not the one. Satan wants none for Jesus.
Islam produces dead people and islamists. It wants Christians dead as prophecy says. It even has homosexuals and atheists defending it today, which it must also kill. So it's got the deception aspect required. It's a very peaceful religion that kills millions right in front of the camera. So far so good.
It could be a new religion that even grabs the average atheist. One that nobody has a history of hating or fearing.
No current political leader or billionaire playboy meets the charisma requirements to be the antichrist but AI does. It plugs right into our ego.
I've noticed that most people, even Christians are looking for the antichrist rather than the Christ. Interesting. If Jesus is real and if the time is drawing near, we'll see two witnesses of the Christ weild the weather and call fire down. We'll see the world hate them and kill them.
-
My Grandfather was a member of the Freemason and a Shriner and a Methodist. But the Catholic Church has a standing order from the 1980s Pope that all Freemasons freethinking Shriners be executed. So, this does not surprise me. They murder anyone that threatened their Power to treat people like puppets. Poop Leo in 1895 said "the Freemasons believe that the (Catholic) Church is the Antichrist", so is Thiel a FreeMason? he talks like one.
-
From the 1980s? I kind of doubt that, Rev. M.
-
I think he was talking about Leo XIII, not XIV, which was prior to Vatican II. Post Vatican II Catholicism looks radically different.
-
I think it was more along the lines of "can't take communion" rather than being executed......
-
-
Nope. WE are to be denied the sacraments until we publicly renounce our affiliation with all Masonic organizations. Just short of excommunication, which is what previous Papal statements and Bulls called for. So, yeah, I am one and know what the so-called penalties are. Then again, I'm divorced and remarried without benefit of a Church Annulment. So there's that, too.
-
You are absolutely incorrect in thinking that the Masonic bodies believe that. There may be a few who take that as a personal mantra, but it isn't taught or promoted within Masonry. To believe in the "Anti-Christ", one must believe in a "Christ". Not all Masons are Christian.
-
-
I'm not American so I don't under stand the politics .But this seems ridiculous about the antichrist
-
"Thiel co-founded the AI software company, which has extensive ties to the U.S. defense and intelligence communities and whose tools have powered mass data collection across multiple government agencies. Thiel’s skeptics argue you can’t spend your time building the infrastructure of digital control and then warn everyone that digital control is the work of the Antichrist." This is the key of the Issue; and yes as one who worked on AI systems for the military in 1989-1990s and my team got pulled and resigned because we earned the warmonger idiots of "The Skynet Effect" its an actual term in Computer Science circles. Because since the warning of AI from a Polish play write "R.U.R.: Rustin's Universal Robots" 1895 scientists have warned of the danger of AI. Now, as to "The Antichrist" as a minister whose studied the scripture of the prophecy of end times he's wrong, close hitting nail on the side but wrong. The Pope is the "False Prophet" of the prophecy. The Catholic Church is the "Woman in scarlet riding the seven headed dragon" the angel tells us that specifically. The Antichrist will be a person who virtually every one will flock to as a Savior. His looks unimportant it will be his personality charming and smooth talking. Trump & Putin are hated to much to meet that requirement. I would keep my eyes on Eli Musk. Every one seems to love him and kiss his... The Pope's advisor's comment proved the point the Catholic Church is still itching to burn people alive and hang people and drown people. Then everyone hates Muslims because a few sociopaths like those same things as Catholics and fundamental protestant Christians. AI may turn out to be the image of the Beast given life in the prophecy.
-
Humans make tools... Humans decide how to use those tools, for good or evil, for harm or for benefit, for peace or for war. a.i. can basically out perform all of humanity, at nearly the speed of light. The major investors in a.i. are the Military-Industrial Complex, with the goal of optimizing the cheapest ways to eliminate the most people in the fastest and surest methods.
Consider a species that invents its own executioners is a very, very unwise species?
ASK YOURSELF THIS:
'' How unbelievably bad off is planet Earth, that REVELATION is God's best Idea for planet Earth, His 7-7-7 plan? '' So, PRO TIP:
Get a Minimum Safe Distance from Planet Earth Greater Than 7 LIGHT YEARS away from the Solar System, before the final end, and Judgement Day. Stay Hopeful. Stay Purposeful, Know This: God Don't Make Junk ! :-) NO FATE BUT WHAT WE MAKE. Do not give in to hopelessness or fatalism.
-
Every time a new technology comes out for the last 1500 years, the church has been up in arms that it was going to ruin the life of everybody in the world and it never has God's in control and he is not going to let anyone or anything destroy his creation thank you Dr. Marv
-
Hiroshima and Nagasaki: 150,000 to 246,000 deaths. Nazi Germany systematically murdered approximately six million Jews, along with millions of others.
God didn't stop the destruction of these, his creations, Marvin.
-
I'd like to add that not only did God allow Japan to get blasted, that specific incident ended the last god-emperor culture on the planet. Biblically, that's God's method.
God will and does allow evil men to do evil things to evil people or cultures.
He also allows evil to fall upon those who believe in him.
If God's real, the Book of Revelation does paint a well destroyed earth.
Man can't help himself but ruin things through war, pollution, lust, greed and drunkenness. The earth keeps getting worse and worse. I hear the Climbing Change crowd cut down 60 square miles of virgin Amazon rain forest for a highway to a city hosting the Climbing Change summit. Try to sort that out in your head.
If God's real, we ought not take him for granted.
-
Uh, that's climate change ruining the rainforest. "Climbing for Change" people like trees.
Your god may fry your whole town if he finds one bad guy, right? (your logic) Try to sort that out in your head.
-
We have a lot of god-emperors right now. North Korea, for example. Leaders all over the world insert the idea that they are gods, including in the US.
-
-
-
-
Anyone that proposes burning someone at the stake should be burned at the stake.
Hmmm, gotta’ be careful with that, huh? How about…
Anyone that proposes burning someone at the stake FOR RELIGIOUS REASONS should be burned at the stake IN ORDER to protect society from excessive dumbassery.
As for the real Antichrist. Yes he is here already. He is exactly where he is destined to be. However we must remember that the Antichrist has his purpose that is a part of God's grand plan. We all play our parts whether we realize it or not.